Fourth International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2005)
November 6 –10, 2005
Radisson SAS Hotel
Galway, Ireland
Title
A Semantic Search Engine for the International Relation Sector
Author(s)
1. Luis Rodrigo
2. V. Richard Benjamins
3. Jesús Contreras
4. Diego Paton
5. David Navarro
6. Robert Salla
7. Mercedes Blázquez
8. Pilar Tena
9. Isabel Martos
Abstract
The Royal Institute Elcano† (Real Instituto Elcano) in Spain is a prestigious independent political institute whose mission is to comment on the political situation in the world focusing on its relation to Spain. As part of its dissemination strategy it operates a public website. In this paper we present and evaluate the application of a semantic search engine to improve access to the Institute's content: instead of retrieving documents based on user queries of keywords, the system accepts queries in natural language and returns answers rather than links to documents. Topics that will be discussed include ontology construction, automatic ontology population, semantic access through a natural language interface and a failure analysis.
Title
An Application of Semantic Web Technologies to Situation Awareness
Author(s)
1. Christopher Matheus,
2.
Mieczyslaw Kokar,
3.
Kenneth Baclawski,
4.
Jerzy Letkowskios
Abstract
Situation awareness involves the identification and monitoring of relationships among objects participating in an evolving situation. This problem in general is intractable (i.e., there is a potentially infinite number of relations that could be tracked) and thus requires additional constraints and guidance defined by the user if there is to be any hope of creating practical situation awareness systems. This paper describes a Situation Awareness Assistant (SAWA) based on Semantic Web technologies that facilitates the development of user-defined domain knowledge in the form of formal ontologies and rule sets and then permits the application of the domain knowledge to the monitoring of relevant relations as they occur in evolving situations. SAWA includes tools for developing ontologies in OWL and rules in SWRL and provides runtime components for collecting event data, storing and querying the data, monitoring relevant relations and viewing the results through a graphical user interface. An application of SAWA to a scenario from the domain of supply logistics is presented along with a discussion of the challenges encountered in using SWRL for this task.
Title
Automated Business-to-Business Integration of a Logistics Supply Chain using Semantic Web Services Technology
Author(s)
1. Chris Preist
2. Javier Esplugas Cuadrado
3. Steve Battle
4. Stuart Williams
5. Stephan Grimm
Abstract
In this paper, we present a demonstrator system which applies semantic web services technology to business-to-business integration, focussing specifically on a logistics supply chain. The system is able to handle all stages of the service lifecycle – discovery, service selection and service execution. One unique feature of the system is its approach to protocol mediation, allowing a service requestor to dynamically modify the way it communicates with a provider, based on a description of the provider’s protocol. We present the architecture of the system, together with an overview of the key components (discovery and mediation) and the implementation.
Title
Definitions Management: A semantics-based approach for clinical documentation in healthcare delivery.
Structured Clinical Documentation is a fundamental component of the healthcare enterprise linking both clinical (e.g., electronic health record, clinical decision support) and administrative functions (e.g., e&m coding, billing). Documentation templates have proven to be an effective mechanism for implementing structured clinical documentation. The ability to create and manage definitions, i.e., definitions management for various concepts such as diseases, drugs, contraindications, complications, etc. is crucial for creating and maintaining documentation templates in a consistent manner across the organization. Definitions management involves creation and management of concepts that may be apart of controlled vocabularies, information models and ontologies. In this paper, we present a real world implementation of a semantics-based approach to structured clinical documentation based on description logics (DL) system for ontology management. In this context, we present ontological underpinnings viz., the information, document and presentation ontologies on which clinical documents are based. We will present techniques that leverage these ontologies to render static and dynamic templates that contain branching logic. We evaluate the role of these ontologies in the context of managing the impact of definition changes on the creation and rendering of these documentation templates, and the ability to retrieve documentation templates and their instances precisely in a given clinical context.
Title
Do not use this gear with a switching lever! Automotive industry experience with semantic guides
Author(s)
1. Hans-Peter Schnurr
2. Juergen Angele
Abstract
Abstract. Besides the reduction of time to market, there may be observed another trend in the automotive industry: built to order. Built to order reduces the mass production of cars to a limited lot production. Emphasis for optimization issues moves then from the production step to earlier steps as the collaboration of suppliers and manufacturer in development and delivering. Thus knowledge has to be shared between different organizations and departments in early development processes. In this paper we describe a project in the automotive industry where ontologies have two main purposes: (i) representing and sharing knowledge to optimize business processes for the testing of cars and (ii) inte-gration of life data into this optimization process. A test car configuration assis-tant (semantic guide) is built on top of an inference engine equipped with an ontology containing information about parts and configuration rules. The ontology is attached to the legacy systems of the manufacturer and thus accesses and integrates up to date information. This semantic guide accelerates the configuration of test cars and thus reduces time to market.
Title
Enterprise Architecture Reference Modeling in OWL/RDF
Author(s)
1. Irene Polikoff
2. Ralph Hodgson
3. Dean Allemang
Abstract
This paper describes the design of and the deployment options for the Federal Enterprise Architecture Reference Model Ontology (FEA RMO). The goal of any reference model is to provide a basis or starting point for some design process. While this is a laudable goal, it poses an immediate problem for representation; how can a model be represented in such a way that it can be extended in certain ways (for application to a particular problem), but not without regard to the advice that it gives? Reference models are usually expressed in natural language. At their best, reference models provide a starting point for designers, and a checklist for their designs, to see that they conform to industry best practices. At worst, reference models become a source of busy work; designers proceed however they please, and spend some afterthought writing up an excuse for why they are compliant with the reference model that they never laid eyes on before. In this paper, we have used Semantic Web technologies (in particular, RDF and OWL) to represent a reference mode for enterprise architecture in the US government. The content of the model comes from the recent Federal Enterprise Architecture Reference Model effort. We use the capability of RDF to distribute structured information to allow the reference model to be extended (as intended in its design). We use OWL to maintain the consistency of those extensions. The model has been used as the basis for an implementation of an FEA registry, a webbased system for managing enterprise architectures based on the FEA. The work of representing the FEA as formal ontologies was funded in part by GSA. Keywords: Government Sector, Portals, Knowledge Management
Title
Gnowsis Adapter Framework: Treating Structured Data Sources as Virtual RDF Graphs
Author(s)
1. Leo Sauerman.
2. Sven Schwarz
Abstract
The integration of heterogenous data sources is a crucial step for the upcoming semantic web -- if existing information is not integrated, where will the data come from that the semantic web builds on? In this paper we present the gnowsis adapter framework, an implementation of an RDF graph system that can be used to integrate structured data sources, together with a set of already implemented adapters that can be used in own applications or extended for new situations. We will give an overview of the architecture and implementation details together with a description of the common problems in this field and our solutions, leading to an outlook on the future developments we expect. Using our presented results, researchers can generate test data for experiments and practitioners can access their desktop data sources as RDF graph.
Title
LKMS – A Legal Knowledge Management System exploiting Semantic Web technologies
Semantic Web, using formal languages to represent document content and providing facilities for aggregating information spread around, can improve the functionalities provided nowadays by KM tools. This paper describes a Knowledge Management system, targeted at lawyers, which has been enhanced using Semantic Web technologies. The system assists lawyers during their everyday work, and allows them to manage their information and knowledge. A semantic layer has been added to the system, providing capabilities that make system usage easier and much more powerful, adding new and advanced means for create, share and access knowledge.
Title
MediaCaddy - Semantic Web based On-Demand Content Navigation System for Entertainment
This paper is aimed at documenting the role of Web services and specifically
Semantic Web Services in serving the needs of the entertainment industry by
enabling users to easily navigate large volume meta-content (entertainment
news, articles, reviews, interviews, trailers etc). In this scenario, Web
services are used to accomplish integration of data and content feeds from
multiple meta-content providers. Furthermore, semantic web techniques are
used to develop and populate the ontology, as well as to semantically
annotate the content and to correlate based on these semantics. Users are
thus able to have recommendations delivered to them based on their
interests. The paper outlines an application scenario where this is applied
in a demonstrated proof of concept and articulates the next steps in the
evolution of this architecture.
Title
On Identifying Knowledge Processing Requirements
Author(s)
1. Alain Leger
2. Lyndon Nixon
3. Pavel Shvaiko
Abstract
The uptake of Semantic Web technology by industry is progressing slowly. One of the problems is that academia is not always aware of the concrete problems that arise in industry. Conversely, industry is not often well informed about the academic developments that can potentially meet its needs. In this paper we present a first step towards a successful transfer of knowledge based technology from academia to industry. In particular, we present a collection of use cases from enterprises which are interested in Semantic Web technology. We provide a detailed analysis of the use cases, identify their technology locks, discuss the appropriateness of knowledge-based technology and possible solutions.We summarize industrial knowledge processing requirements in the form of a typology of knowledge processing tasks and a library of high level components for realizing those tasks. These results are intended to focus academia on the development of plausible knowledge-based solutions for concrete industrial problems, and therefore, facilitate the uptake of Semantic Web technology within industry.
Title
Ontological Approach to Generating Personalized User Interfaces for Web Services
Author(s)
1. Deepali Khushraj
2. Ora Lassila
Abstract
Web services can be presented to endusers via user interfaces (UIs) that facilitate the invocation of these services. Standardized, interoperable mechanisms for describing Web service interfaces enable the generation of UIs automatically and dynamically, at least in principle; the emergence of Semantic Web services opens the possibility of improving the generation process. In this paper, we propose a scheme that extends the OWLS ontology, an emerging standard for Semantic Web services, to better enable the creation of such dynamic interfaces.
Semantic Web services go beyond "classical" Web services in enabling enhanced discovery, invocation and composition. In our scheme, the integration of semantic descriptions of Web services with semantic models of the user's locally available data enables context-based personalization of dynamically created user interfaces, allowing us to minimize the number of necessary inputs. The need for this is compelling on mobile devices with limitations on input methods and screen size and where context data is readily available. The use of an underlying semantic model enables better accuracy than traditional formfilling techniques.
We propose an architecture for the creation and personalization of dynamic UIs from Web service descriptions. The key idea is to exploit the semantic relationships between type information of Web service input fields, and their association with information the system has about the user (such as the user's current context, PIM data, context history, usage history, corporate data etc.), in order to personalize and simplify the invocation of Web services.
Title
Semantic Service Integration for Water Resource Management
Author(s)
1. Ross Ackland
2. Kerry Taylor
3. Laurent Lefort
4.
Mark Cameron
4. Joel Rahman
Abstract
Water resource management is becoming increasingly difficult due to the interaction of conflicting factors driven broadly by environmental sustainability and agricultural productivity constraints. In Australia, the introduction of a water rights management framework is an administrative attempt to facilitate the resolution of this complex and multi-faceted problem. Policies relating to water allocation and trading have already ad-vanced beyond our abilities to monitor, measure, report and enforce these policies. Mis-management of this valued resource can have severe damaging long term environmental and economic effects. We believe that Semantic Web Services technologies will help deci-sion makers minimise the risk of mismanagement. In this paper, we discuss the potential application of our Dynamic Service Composition method and its compatibility with the present approaches. We identify the benefits for the different categories of users and dis-cuss how ontologies can help to bridge the gap between specialists and non-specialists, or specialists focusing on different aspects of the overall problem.
Title
Supporting Rule System Interoperability on the Semantic Web with SWRL
Author(s)
1. Martin O'Connor
2. Holger Knublauch
3. Samson Tu
4. Mark Musen
Abstract
Rule languages and rule systems are widely used in business applications including computeraided training, diagnostic fact finding, compliance monitoring, and process control. However, there is little interoperability between current rulebased systems. Interoperation is one of the main goals of the Semantic Web, and developing a language for sharing rules is often seen as a key step in reaching this goal. The Semantic Web Rule Language (SWRL) is an important first step in defining such a rule language. This paper describes the development of a configurable interoperation environment for SWRL built in the ProtTgT OWL Plugin, the most widely-used OWL development platform. This environment supports both a highly-interactive, fullfeatured editor for SWRL and a plugin mechanism for integrating third party rule engines. We have integrated the popular Jess rule engine into this environment, thus providing one of the first steps on the path to rule integration on the Web.
Title
Task Knowledge Based Retrieval for Service Relevant to Mobile User’s Activity
Author(s)
1. Takefumi Naganuma
2. Shoji Kurakake
Abstract
Since mobile Internet services are rapidly proliferating, finding the most appropriate service or services from among the many offered requires profound knowledge about the services which is becoming virtually impossible for ordinary mobile users. We propose a system that assists non-expert mobile users in finding the appropriate services that solve the realworld problems encountered by the user. Key components are a task knowledge base of tasks that a mobile user performs in daily life and a service knowledge base of services that can be used to accomplish user tasks. We present the architecture of the proposed system including a knowledge modeling framework, and a detailed description of a prototype system. We also show preliminary user test results; they indicate that the system allows a user to find appropriate services quicker with less load than conventional commercial methods.
Title
The Concept Object Web for Knowledge Management
Author(s)
1. James Starz
2. Brian Kettler
3. Peter Haglich
4. Jason Losco
5. Gary Edwards
6. Mark Hoffman
Abstract
The Semantic Web is a difficult concept for typical end users to comprehend. There is a lack of widespread understanding on how the Semantic Web could be used in day to day applications. While there are now practical applications that have appeared supporting backend functions such as data integration, there is only a handful of Semantic Web applications that the average Google user would want to use on a regular basis. The Concept Object Web is a prototype application for knowledge/intelligence management that aggregates data from text documents, XML files, and databases so that end-users can visually discover and learn about knowledge object (entities) without reading documents. The application addresses limitations with current knowledge/intelligence management tools giving end users the power of the Semantic Web without the perceived burden and complexity of the Semantic Web.
Killer apps are highly transformative technologies that create new markets and widespread patterns of behaviour. IT generally, and the Web in particular, has benefited from killer apps to create new networks of users and increase its value. The Semantic Web community on the other hand is still awaiting a killer app that proves the superiority of its technologies. There are certain features that distinguishes killer apps from other ordinary applications. This paper examines those features in the context of the SemanticWeb, in the hope that a better understanding of the characteristics of killer apps might encourage their consideration when developing Semantic Web applications.
Title
Ubiquitous Service Finder - Discovery of Services semantically derived from metadata in Ubiquitous Computing
Author(s)
1. Takahiro Kawamura
Abstract
Metadata have been already given to most of the data and objects in the real world, such as books, foods, digital contents like movie, electric devices, and so forth. Further, they can be accumulated electronically by barcodes and RFIDs, which is expected to spread explosively in 2005. On the other hand, web services are getting popular in the internet, and UPnP services and ECHONET are penetrating into the home network. In our project, we propose a new handheld application called Ubiquitous Service Finder, in which user can intuitively browse as icons the metadata around him/her in a cellular phone, then invoke the services semantically related to the metadata by simple drag and drop operation.
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